ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los residuos líquidos producidos al elaborar tinciones biológicas contienen mezclas de compuestos químicos y microorganismos, que generan un elevado impacto ambiental si no son tratados adecuadamente. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se evaluaron a Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, Enterobacter xianfangensis, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis y Pseudomonas fluorescens, para el tratamiento de un residuo líquido que contenía colorantes trifenilmetánicos y azóicos, a escala de laboratorio. Inicialmente, se seleccionaron las cepas con menor efecto antagónico y se determinó su potencial para producir las enzimas Lacasa, Manganeso Peroxidasa y Lignino Peroxidasa, al emplear sustratos inductores y mezclas de colorantes. Para el consorcio fúngico/bacteriano la disminución de las unidades de color y demanda química de oxígeno fueron del 99 % y 70 % a las 96 h. La remoción de estos parámetros se relacionó con la interacción positiva e incremento de las poblaciones de hongos, bacterias y la producción de enzimas ligninolíticas, obteniendo valores a las 96 h de 7.0 y 14.0 unidades logarítmicas para hongos y bacterias, con unas actividades enzimáticas de 75 U/L, 205 U/L y 0.63 U/L para Lacasa, MnP y LiP, respectivamente. Con el presente trabajo se demostró que con el uso consorcios fúngicos/bacterianos se incrementa la remoción de colorantes y se disminuye el tiempo de proceso. Sugiriendo que estos microorganismos podrían ser evaluados en plantas de tratamiento que integren diferentes unidades de tratamiento para optimizar la remoción de contaminantes con baja biodegradabilidad.
ABSTRACT The liquid wastes generated when biological stains are prepared, contain a mixture of chemical compounds and microorganisms, with high environmental impact. For this reason, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, Enterobacter xianfangensis, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, were used to evaluate the treatment of a liquid waste containing triphenylmethane and azo dyes, on a laboratory scale. Initially, the strains with less antagonistic effect among them were selected for their potential to produce enzymes as Laccase, Manganese Peroxidase and Lignin Peroxidase. The enzymatic activity was determined by using inducing substrates and dye mixtures. For fungal/bacterial consortium, the decrease in color, Chemical Oxygen Demand and in Biochemical Oxygen demand was of 99 %, 70 % and 65 % at 96 h, respectively. The removal of these parameters was related to the positive interaction between the populations of fungi, bacteria and the production of ligninolytic enzymes, obtaining values of 7.0 and 14.0 logarithmic units for fungi and total bacteria at 96 h with enzymatic activities of 75 U/ L, 205 U/L and 0.63 U/L for Laccase, MnP and LiP. The present work demonstrates that using of fungal/bacterial consortia, the removal of dyes is increased, and the process time is decreased. Suggesting that these microorganisms could be evaluated in treatment plants that integrate different treatment units to optimize the removal of contaminants with low biodegradability.
ABSTRACT
This study presents new and alternative fungal strains for the production of ligninolytic enzymes which have great potential to use in industrial and biotechnological processes. Thirty autochthonous fungal strains were harvested from Bornova-Izmir in Turkiye. In the fresh fruitbody extracts laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase activities, which are the principal enzymes responsible for ligninocellulose degradation by Basidiomycetes, were screened. Spores of some of the basidiomycetes species such as Cortinarius sp., Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Abortiporus biennis, Lyophyllum subglobisporium, Ramaria stricta, Ganoderma carnosum, Lactarius delicious ve Lepista nuda were isolated and investigated optimum cultivation conditions in submerged fermentation for high yields of ligninolytic enzyme production. In addition, isolated fungal strains were monitored on agar plates whether having the capability of decolorization of a textile dye Remazol Marine Blue.
Este estudo apresenta novas cepas de fungos produtores de enzimas ligninolíticas com potencial de aplicação em processos industriais e biotecnológicos. Trinta cepas de fungos autóctones foram obtidos em Bornova-Izmir, Turquia. Os extratos frescos dos corpos de frutificação foram submetidos à triagem de atividade de lacase, manganês peroxidase e lignina peroxidase, que são as principais enzimas de degradação de ligninocelulose pelos Basidiomycetes. Foram isolados esporos de Cortinarius sp, Tramnetes versicolor, Pleorotus ostreatus, Abortiporus biennis, Lyophyllum subglobisporium, Ramaria stricta, Ganoderma carnosum, Lactarius delicius ve Lepista desnuda, investigando-se as condições ótimas de cultivo em fermentação submersa para produção de enzimas ligninolíticas com elevado rendimento. Além disso, as cepas fúngicas isoladas foram monitoradas em placas de ágar quanto a capacidade de descoloramento do corante têxtil Remazole Marine Blue.
Subject(s)
Coloring Agents/analysis , Basidiomycota/isolation & purification , Cellulose/analysis , Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification , Fermentation , Fungicides, Industrial/isolation & purification , Lignin/analysis , Oxidoreductases/analysis , Enzyme Activation , Methods , Methods , Textile IndustryABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to study the potential of fungus strains considered as prospective degraders for the herbicides quinclorac and propanil, for ligninolytic enzyme production. Eight fungal strains were grown in King's B liquid culture medium supplemented with 0.05% Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and in liquid culture medium containing wheat bran as substrate. The enzymatic system assessment were: lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccases. Results indicated differential patterns of ligninolytic enzyme production; the highest enzymatic activities were related to the production of lignin peroxidase. Among the strains, two (P3SA1F and P11SA2F) showed RBBR discoloration, suggesting the possibility of their application in bioremediation studies.
A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar o potencial das linhagens fúngicas, consideradas potenciais degradadoras dos herbicidas quinclorac e propanil, para produção de enzimas ligninolíticas. Oito linhagens fúngicas foram cultivadas em meio de cultura líquido King's B suplementado com 0,05% de Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) e em meio de cultura líquido contendo farelo de trigo como substrato. Os sistemas enzimáticos avaliados foram: lignina peroxidase, manganês peroxidase e lacases. Os resultados demonstraram padrões diferenciados quanto à produção de enzimas ligninolíticas entre as linhagens, sendo que as maiores atividades enzimáticas estiveram relacionadas à produção de lignina peroxidase. Das oito linhagens, duas (P3SA1F e P11SA2F) apresentaram descoloração do RBBR, sugerindo a possibilidade de sua aplicabilicação em estudos de biorremediação
ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to study the potential of fungus strains considered as prospective degraders for the herbicides quinclorac and propanil, for ligninolytic enzyme production. Eight fungal strains were grown in King's B liquid culture medium supplemented with 0.05% Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and in liquid culture medium containing wheat bran as substrate. The enzymatic system assessment were: lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccases. Results indicated differential patterns of ligninolytic enzyme production; the highest enzymatic activities were related to the production of lignin peroxidase. Among the strains, two (P3SA1F and P11SA2F) showed RBBR discoloration, suggesting the possibility of their application in bioremediation studies.
A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar o potencial das linhagens fúngicas, consideradas potenciais degradadoras dos herbicidas quinclorac e propanil, para produção de enzimas ligninolíticas. Oito linhagens fúngicas foram cultivadas em meio de cultura líquido King's B suplementado com 0,05% de Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) e em meio de cultura líquido contendo farelo de trigo como substrato. Os sistemas enzimáticos avaliados foram: lignina peroxidase, manganês peroxidase e lacases. Os resultados demonstraram padrões diferenciados quanto à produção de enzimas ligninolíticas entre as linhagens, sendo que as maiores atividades enzimáticas estiveram relacionadas à produção de lignina peroxidase. Das oito linhagens, duas (P3SA1F e P11SA2F) apresentaram descoloração do RBBR, sugerindo a possibilidade de sua aplicabilicação em estudos de biorremediação